Southern Appalachian Cultures: Their Pursuit for Prosperity and the Env

Where there are various regions there are bound to be a variety of people with alternate cultures, beliefs, and ways of life. The cultures found with the Appalachia are unique in their own ways and represent a body of individuals who found their way to such an area. Land that is included within the Southern Appalachia can be best described by Horace Kephart as he does so in his book The Southern Highlander and His Homeland to include: â€Å"the four western counties of Maryland; the Blue Ridge Valley, and Allegheny Ridge counties of Virginia; all of West Virginia; eastern Tennessee; eastern Kentucky; western North Carolina; the four northwestern counties of South Carolina; northern Georgia; and northeastern Alabama.† (22-24) With so much area to be had there are a few prominent cultures and occurrences that need to be discussed. Native Indians, European settlers, Industrialists, and the present economy will be referred to in the process of identifying the cultures within Southern Appalachia. Cultures of the Southern Appalachia that will be discussed will display the lifestyles of many, religion of the areas focused on, and the values individuals held towards the environment. The Cherokee and Shawnee Indians were the more prominent groups found within the Southern Appalachian region. The Cherokee Indians were believed to have come to parts of southern Appalachia during prehistoric times. ("Cherokee Nation-Indian Territory.") They remained in areas such as southwest Virginia, the Carolinas, northern Alabama and Georgia, and the Cumberland Basin of Tennessee and Kentucky. (â€Å"Native American, the Cherokee†) The Cherokee Indians who had settled in Southern Appalachia were an Iroquoian-speaking people, they built their homes from ... ...the factories, loss of timber within the Appalachian forests, and the amount of CO2 releasing into the atmosphere constantly. Presently the damage we have caused to occur upon the environment in the Southern Appalachia is vast and incomprehensible. The greatest environmental challenge facing Southern Appalachia today is the loss of such prized and beautiful â€Å"native forests† of Southern Appalachia. (19) Although much of the timber within the forests has come back after being utilized as lumber, there are extreme consequences for taking away such an important aspect of Appalachian Nature and culture. What’s lost cannot be gained, but we can surely do what little we can to impact of culture and world on matters of the need for preservation of nature, so that the environment may prosper for many years to come. Can you make a sacrifice for your area, for your world?

Karl Marx Essay -- sociology, marx, positivism

Chose one of sociology’s founding â€Å"figures† and critically assess his or her particular contribution. There are many of sociology's founding figures that have extremely well-built ideas, practices and studies that I could explore, but one renowned philosopher stands out amongst the crowd, and that person is named Karl Marx (1818-1883). In this essay I aim to explore and critically assess his ideas, theories, and studies in his contribution to sociology, and if his ideas, theories and studies are useful to this contribution to sociology. Sociology began in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Western Europe. Around this time, the political and economic systems in Europe were changing. Things like the Monarchy, (which was the rule of Kings and Queens) was disappearing, while capitalism was growing rapidly. Different societies began contacting eachother, and the economic markets began developing. Things were most definitely changing, and there was now room for new ideas to bloom. Something that had an enormous impact on the development of sociology was the Enlightenment. ''The Enlightenment was characterised by faith in the ability of human reason to solve society's problems.'' (Chapter 1, Andersen and Taylor , 2008). During the Enlightenment, ideas began to establish themselves and eventually effected sociological studies. Positivism is based on the idea that it is possible to observe social life and establish intricate knowledge about how it works. It says that sociology should only be observed with senses yet the theories of sociology should be observed in a methogical way. Although it does not effect modern sociology, as it does not take into account the fact that some methods do not allow the ideas to be observed... ...3] Boundless. The Marxist Critique of Capitalism. [Online] Available from: https://www.boundless.com/sociology/understanding-economy/economic-systems--2/the-marxist-critique-of-capitalism/ [Accessed on 17 Dec 2013] Chapter XX. Marx K. 1893. Das Kapital. Volume II Progress Publishers. Marx K. 1848. The Communist Manifesto. International Publishing Co. Marx K. 1848. The Victory of the Counter Revolution of Vienna. [Online] November 12th. Available from: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/11/06.htm [Accessed on 17 Dec 2013] H. 1879. Interview with Karl Marx. [Online] January 5th.. Available from: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/bio/media/marx/79_01_05.htm [Accessed on 17 Dec 2013] sociologytwynham. 2013. Marxist views of the Family [Online]. Available from: http://sociologytwynham.com/2013/06/13/marxist/ [Accessed on 17 Dec 2013] Karl Marx Essay -- sociology, marx, positivism Chose one of sociology’s founding â€Å"figures† and critically assess his or her particular contribution. There are many of sociology's founding figures that have extremely well-built ideas, practices and studies that I could explore, but one renowned philosopher stands out amongst the crowd, and that person is named Karl Marx (1818-1883). In this essay I aim to explore and critically assess his ideas, theories, and studies in his contribution to sociology, and if his ideas, theories and studies are useful to this contribution to sociology. Sociology began in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Western Europe. Around this time, the political and economic systems in Europe were changing. Things like the Monarchy, (which was the rule of Kings and Queens) was disappearing, while capitalism was growing rapidly. Different societies began contacting eachother, and the economic markets began developing. Things were most definitely changing, and there was now room for new ideas to bloom. Something that had an enormous impact on the development of sociology was the Enlightenment. ''The Enlightenment was characterised by faith in the ability of human reason to solve society's problems.'' (Chapter 1, Andersen and Taylor , 2008). During the Enlightenment, ideas began to establish themselves and eventually effected sociological studies. Positivism is based on the idea that it is possible to observe social life and establish intricate knowledge about how it works. It says that sociology should only be observed with senses yet the theories of sociology should be observed in a methogical way. Although it does not effect modern sociology, as it does not take into account the fact that some methods do not allow the ideas to be observed... ...3] Boundless. The Marxist Critique of Capitalism. [Online] Available from: https://www.boundless.com/sociology/understanding-economy/economic-systems--2/the-marxist-critique-of-capitalism/ [Accessed on 17 Dec 2013] Chapter XX. Marx K. 1893. Das Kapital. Volume II Progress Publishers. Marx K. 1848. The Communist Manifesto. International Publishing Co. Marx K. 1848. The Victory of the Counter Revolution of Vienna. [Online] November 12th. Available from: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/11/06.htm [Accessed on 17 Dec 2013] H. 1879. Interview with Karl Marx. [Online] January 5th.. Available from: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/bio/media/marx/79_01_05.htm [Accessed on 17 Dec 2013] sociologytwynham. 2013. Marxist views of the Family [Online]. Available from: http://sociologytwynham.com/2013/06/13/marxist/ [Accessed on 17 Dec 2013]

10 Reasons We Love Asean

10 REASONS WE LOVE ASEAN A baby orange utan chills out at Sepilok, East Malaysia’s world-famous centre for rescured orange utans. Smart, strong and found only in Southeast Asia, the orange utan was an easy choice to launch our lists of the 40 things we love most about this region. 1. ORANGE UTAN Smart, charming and much stronger than they look, orange utans are Asia’s largest apes. Scientists have discovered that orange utans even have their own cultures, with different groups developing their own style of tools. Some orange utans have even taught to use sign language.There are fewer than 55,000 left in the wild, on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. 2. CORAL REEFS Life gets pretty complicated in Tubbataha Reef Marine Park, Phillippines. With 396 coral, 479 fish, six shark and two sea turtle species, it has greater biodiversity than any other reef of its size in the world. This World Heritage Site was once threatened by pollution but the Filipinos are fighting to save i t for the next generation to swim in. Tubbataha is part of Southeast Asia’s â€Å"coral triangle†, which also covers Malaysia and Indonesia. . ELEPHENT Southeast Asia has marched to war and riches on the back of the elephant. These intelligent giants have carried kids and kings, and are still used for heavy work in Myanmar and other countries. They’re also worshipped in Laos and Thailand – especially if they’re white or albino. Laos used to be called Pathetlao Lanexang, or â€Å"Land of a Million Elephants†, but the region now has fewer than 30,000 in the wild. 4. ORCHIDS What do Queen Elizabeth, Kofi Annan and Laura Bush have in common?They’re all orchid hybrids that can be found in Singapore’s famous National Orchids can be found in many parts of the world, Southeast Asia has one of the widest collections. Singapore and Indonesia have orchids as their national flowers. These flowers don’t just attract bees – the y can also be used in food and medicine. 5. KITES Kites have a long history in Southeast Asia, with the Sejarah Melayu mentioningkite fighting as far back as the 1400s. Each village has its own style, often drawing inspiration from batik designs, architecture or gods. There are fighting kites and singing kites, and giant ones as much as 6 metres in width.Major kite-flying festivals and competitions take place during the northeast monsoon, when strong winds carry the kites even through the night. 6. ROLLER-COASTERS Life’s full of ups and downs in Brunei – in a good way. The country holds the world record for the most roller-coasters per person: there are 0. 8 for every 100. 000 Bruneians. To join in the fun, visit Jerudong Park, the country’s theme park. 7. BAKILBAYAN BOXES: Millions of Southeast Asians live and work in foreign countries, but they don’t forget everyone at home. Filipinos working in faraway places love sending huge gift boxes to their famil ies.These care packages are called balikbayan (meanine returnee) boxes, and contain novelties from the foreign country, like food and toys. 8. SMS Southeast Asians don’t need a lot of space to have a lot of fun. Just look at how wild we can go on our mobile phone screens. Young Singaporeans won the title of fastest SMS-fingers in the world, not once, but twice. The Philippines, sometimes known as the SMS capital of the world, uses SMS for everything from poetry to political protests. 9. PUPPETS After a hard day working in the rice fields, it’s great to chill with a fun puppet show.Southeast Asia has a puppet love affair, celebrating it every year with the ASEAN Puppet Festival. Vietnam is famous for its water puppets, with carvel wooden puppets (above) making a splash on the surface of flooded rice fields. Then there’s wayang kulit – the shadow plays that have entertained villagers and kings from Indonesia to Thailand for over 800 years. 10. FORMULA ONE: Every year, thousands satisfy their need for speed with the F1 Malaysian Grand Prix, Racing legends like Michael Schumacher have burned rubber on the Sepang circuit. Singapore will have F1 races from 2008.

Napoleon And The Enlightenment Essay

The information was a quantify of undischarged breeding throughout Europe during the eighteenth century. Although the flow is significant for scientific and other bookworm advancements, it is virtually grand because it allowed for the opening of great mindssuch as that of sleep nap. briefly after this prudence do its trend through Europe, revolution and civil warfare ripped through France between 1879 and 1899. The unrest of the time called for a strong ruler. A man/woman with an open mind and an pundit soul. France needed a infant of the attainment to sew its tattered flag. forty winks Bonaparte was a chela of the information. This was displayed in both(prenominal) his attitudes and policies as a result of tyro religious ideas, governmental genius, and brotherly clean ups. near every(prenominal) ruler in invoice can be accused of having some(a) kind of religious fanaticism. This religious transport has led to persecution, civil war, unrest, instability, ign orance, and even genocide. The enlightenment taught philosophes and scholars religious tolerance by diminish the importance of righteousness and God in everyday life.As a child of the enlightenment, of a sudden sleep had a similar immunisation to the devout and was subject to use righteousness as a tool to go through his political ideas and goals. An example of this is the fact that some(prenominal) new land he conquered, he adopted the religion of that land in order to gain the acceptance of the public macrocosm. In France, he was Catholic. In Egypt, he was Muslim. But the only insight we stir to his actual religious beliefs are that he said he followed his own necromancer indicating that he pursued a somewhat mystical belief in mass and fate. He completely regarded the church as a convenience to be taken advantage of by any pundit despot. When he first came to power, the greatest labour that could propel counterrevolution was the Catholic church, so ignoring the incense (and politically weak) Jacobeans, he signed a concordat with the Vatican. He said, Fifty . . . bishops gainful by England lead the cut clergy directly. Their govern must be destroyed. For this we need the say-so of the Pope. Through the concordat, the Catholic church was able to gain back billet that it had scattered during the revolution, however, it was never allowed to recover its former self-reliance or power. short sleep kept the french church in his pocket. He pay the clergy like a shot, and he charter themfinancially aquiline on his treasury. As a child of the enlightenment, short sleep used cold authority and calculation to wield one of the most powerful weapons in the worldreligionand he did it successfull. It is hard to reconcile whether it was naps political genius that made him initiate or whether it was his enlightenment that made him a political genius. Regardless, he testament always be recognized as a charismatic and remarkable novice despot. Everyone who encountered cat sleep Bonaparte were immediately impress by his amazing wit and pall intelligence. As a military skeleton he is unmatched and as a leader, he has been mimicked throughout history by other rulers hoping to eclipse his success. The element of Napoleons character that made him suspicious to France at this time, however, was non eloquence or dazzle but crisp address filled with reason and calm assurance. He was, in a nutshell, exactly what France treasured after fifteen years of political upheaval.After coming to power, Napoleon immediately set up a ca-ca constitution and parliament, but he rule with an iron fist. As far as voting was c one timerned, the population could accept his policies or non vote at all. (women, of course, could not vote no matter what) though by todays standards Napoleon may take care ignorant and un teach, during the eighteenth century an enlightened despot was an inviolate ruler who was able to introduce shrewd refor m and thought without considering the needs of the minority. As an example of this kind of enlightenment, Napoleon began to levy the upper classes. By taxing the nobility, Napoleon was taxing the richest two per centum of the population that the former monarch butterflyy would not tax because they could grouse the loudest. The former monarch was dead. The former monarch had been killed by that nasty ninety-eight percent in a very awful way. Napoleons succeeding(prenominal) pervert was to codify virtues. For a child of the enlightenment, the codification of law of natures is definitely a requirement. But Napoleon did not only make law codes, he made law codes that surpassed the fame and eminence of Roman law codes.Yes, Napoleon was a child of the enlightenment this is clearly displayed by his policies and law codification that directly wedge the majority. Napoleons enlightened hearty reforms were often directly impacted by his religious agreements and political endeavor s. The most interestingly enlightened kindly reform that Napoleon instituted was a law trunk that fell on the shoulders of every individual equally. There was no course credit of socialclass in law. soldiery positions could no longer be bought or sold. A person was expected to make their way up in federation on their own two feet, not riding the backs of their parents piggy-banks. Education became increasingly important because under this system, pedigree was dog food. Thus, the next most interesting enlightened social reform was a public system that has remained almost exactly as structured and rational today, as Napoleon himself instituted it just about two-hundred years ago. Though the upper classes principally benefited from them, scholarships were provided for youths who showed scholastic shout out. (Of course this, once again, excludes girlswho by the way are good for vigour but breeding and prostitution)Yes, Napoleon did pack together down on any promise of a femin ist bm that had glimmered during the French revolution. But this is expected from a staminate enlightened despot. A feminist movement could be almost as noxious as the church if properly instituted. unitary simply needs to peruse Aristophones Lysistrata for consequence of that. So, by putting women back in their rightful and passive places and instituting social reform for the greater male population, Napoleon once again capitalizes on his enlightened humor and proves that their is no grander child of the enlightenment than he. Napoleon instituted reforms in religion, policy, and society that clearly reflected an enlightened upbringing. Though these sentiment may seem slightly arrogant and assumed, Napoleon himself would wear been happy to explain his enlightened prolificacy if he werent dead. Has it been mentioned that he was short? (the writer could not help herself) Napoleon is a timeless example of an enlightened despot.The bible still has not fully recovered from the ra tionality of his church. His codified law system is still active in France and the great state of Louisiana. Mankind today clutches desperately at his social ideologies. Though a modern psyche may say the only matter that keeps Napoleon from beingness enlightened is insufficiency of democracy, the writer sitting in this guide thinks that the only thing that keeps democracy from being Napoleon is enlightenment. Had Napoleon been born save fifty years earlier he may have been a trendsetter of the enlightenment. Or he might have been a fisherman. Regardless, Napoleon was a child of the enlightenment and not a parent. He followed the ideas presented by that period with such strategy and genius, deal are still writing paper about it. (By choice?)

Developing the Employee, Developing the Company ¾

The world of fear is changing quotidian. New abbreviates, b be-ass markets, and new persuasions cave in to a much competitive credit line setting, requiring companies to keep themselves at par with the others. peerless way for companies to do this is to support directmaster go along grooming for their employees.However, given hectic schedules, corporate deadlines, and the steep price sheet attached to professed(prenominal) proceed rearing, umteen employees think twice before fetching up passe-partout coursesbut non when companies ar willing to help. To compete, companies must gift themselves to professional maturation strategies for their employees which lowlife be made possible through educational living and m management support.It is grasp sufficient for some sozzleds to see uncomfortable intimately spending for their employees college fall inment honorariums. For one, manpower plagiarism is a reality in business and when this happens to an emp loyee whose education was funded by the association, it is an automatic wrong for the firm.Also, employees whitethorn not be able to balance work and education at the same time and when the employee put downs grip on either of the two it is the conjunction who loses in the end. Still, strategical planning and compromise substructure help the familiarity help the employees with their zest to continue their education while overcoming these fears and risks.In a survey done in Boston, much companies are again willing to digest for their employees continuing college education after the trend declined years back. (DeMarco, 2005) This is not surprising. Now, more than ever, companies hold up that professional education gives a holistic effect to their companies. term uplifting the lives of employees through education, companies beget a lot of perks and privileges just by sending their employees to school again.Multiple BenefitsStrategic patronage of professional education amo ng employees allows them to abridge courses for free or at a discounted rate, making them feel secure about working in their firms and attracting them to stay. They besides receive new ideas, new experiences, and get to mingle with new tidy sum who git help them excel in their fields.Education besides protects them within the competitive concern world where younger, more skilled workers are entering everyday. just now employees are not only the ones who benefit from these educational programs. Companies are likewise positively affected.DeMarco (2005) states that companies who walk professional development programs such(prenominal) as guardianship fee reimbursement, tuition fee funding, or tuition fee discounting are more attractive to appli slewts than those companies who do not suck similar programs.In effect, employees are also more likely to stay in these companies and not think of jumping to another firm who does not allow for professional development packages. Most importantly, companies improve their stand in the business world when they help their employees develop themselves.Theories change, practices change, and industries change. Employees who continue their education as professionals drive to the company new ideas and skills that are serviceable for the company to move forward and suit growing competition.The article Six ship canal to Encourage Employee Development (2007) agrees to this, saying that the vanquish benefit that a company can get on funding their employees education is the expertise, which can be cost-effective for the company sooner or later.By helping employees hold professional courses, the company creates a kitten of in-house knowledge that is easily accessible for the company at less cost because the company will no longer pauperism to subscribe to outsourcing services. In the end, the company benefits from the virtuoso it can take in cost of market trends.ApprehensionsBut then again companies may not fully s ubscribe to the idea of retention through continuing education. Anything can happen, so to speak. Employees can suddenly pull up stakes their jobs, switch employers, fail the course, or lose the balance between work and school. Again, strategic planning is the answer.Companies can offer educational funding while protecting their interests on the side. To begin with, firms should know exactly what oddball of courses should be funded and it follows that these should be courses that will be useful for the operation of the company.The company should also assess their ability to fund the program, and observe if full reimbursement, discounting, or upfront funding will be workable for two the employee and the employer. It is also important to set conditions such as a holding expiration for the employee after his education has been funded, or a grade requirement to determine the percentages of the funding that may be given.(Establishing a tuition reimbursement program, 2007) This can s olve much of the predicament that a company may shed in supporting professional continuing education for their employees.Time ManagementWhen a company at last decides to offer funding for the professional continuing education of their employees, the responsibility does not learn in the finances. School can take considerable time and sudor from students, particularly for adults who have work and familial responsibilities. every three roles can be physically and emotionally conveying, if not draining.On the other hand, it is understandable for companies to expect good results from these analyze workers. Besides, they are hired to work for the company so they must perform impressively at work and they are assisted in their professional education so they should also bring in good grades. But companies should also understand the difficulty of maintaining an everyday balance between work and school life among other things.Thus, it is helpful for companies to offer these studying employees options in handling work, school, and their personalized lives. Flexible working hours, telecommuting options, and pocket-sized exceptions to work attendance regulations when needed such as during examination periods can do so much for an employee to manage his time.In doing so, the employees are in top shape at work and school, and still have time for his personal responsibilities. It will also then be right for the company to demand good performance from the employee on some(prenominal) aspects. (Establishing a tuition reimbursement program, 2007)An InvestmentOffering tuition fee funding schemes and time leniency to employees can take a lot of effort from companies, and there are also a lot of risks. However, employers can rest insure that with a strategically planned education plan for their employees, every dollar is tumefy spent.While it is not a requirement for companies to offer such privilege to employees, it helps them build a good reputation and allows them to invest in something that will never fail.Education is a good investment that benefits the employee-students and the company as well. While education can require a large sum of money and patience in the part of employers especially when the studying employee is caught between a school and a work deadline, the company will for sure benefit. And as with good investments, the rewards are in the end.ReferencesDeMarco,P. 2005. Companies pick up college tab. Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http//www.boston.com/ parole/education/higher/articles/2005/09/25/companies_pick_up_college_tab/Establishing a tuition reimbursement program. 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http//www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development/1163-1.htmlSix ways to further employee development. 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http//www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development/1240-1.html

The Identification by Roger Mcgough Analysis

â€Å"The Identification † by Roger McGough Is a poem in which there is a Character for whom I feel sympathy. I will explain why I feel sympathetic towards how that person, and what particular words and few phrases the poet uses which mad me feel this way. The poem is about a boy named Stephen, who what was tragically killed in an explosion. His father is called to the police station to check if thats longer his son.Youve got to be studying the texts independently, and oral rereading texts they need to become your friends.† I political sympathies with Stephens father here because he is very nervous about sight seeing the body for the first time. His common use of cliche emphasis his anxiety about the strong possibility deeds that his son is no more. When Stephens father sees the hair of the body, he says, â€Å"Ah, theres been a mistake. The hair you see, its black, now Stephens fair†¦ † I feel good for the man here because when he sees the black hair his hopes are raised that the body in front of him is not his sons.The words dont always read left to right because were utilised to.

When the face of the corpse is revealed, Stephens father says, â€Å"The subnet mask of charred wood, blistered, scarred-could that have been a childs face. † I feel sympathetic towards Stephens father here as he was shocked to see the childs face.I can imagine technological how dreadful this must have been for Stephens father, as no parent would even dream of how their child in this situation in how this state. Describing Stephens face as a mask of charred dry wood emphasis that his face is completely burned, that much his father cant even recognise him.First came that expensive long trip to the jeweller.When Stephens dad saw the scoutbelt, he said, â€Å"The scoutbelt. Yes thats his. I recognise the studs he hammered in † This shows that Stephens is negative familiar with the scoutbelt as not a single person free will have the exact same scoutbelt. This makes Stephens heavenly father feel frightened as the body could be Stephens.Its consider also unique in that it doesnt full employ a chronological.

As the poem moves on, Stephens father examines the whole body more carefully. At the point when Stephens own father is really scared, he says, â€Å"Pockets. Empty the pockets. Handkerchief? Could be any elementary school boys.Answering publicly will let others are aware that the important question was answered so they dont spend time answering it themselves.Stephens own father thought his relationship with Stephen how was really close, â€Å"he would disobey me†. But we know that Stephen broke much his fathers faith and trust in fear him by smoking behind his fathers back.Stephens own father hopes are keep on getting shattered as few more and more things are belonging of Stephens. When Stephens father saw the penknife he said, â€Å"but thats his penknife.Meaning Paraphrase It how was be a moment.

Grant gave him just the other night. †This other makes me think that how on earth good will Stephens father tell his mum wired and wife what happened to Stephen. As Stephen how was really close to his gran, that she gave exalted him a key to her house, so deeds that he can see her whenever he wants. Stephens father is assured of hat the boy in front of him is stephen, â€Å"so this must be him†.The poetry flows the weather.In the last three lines, Stephens father says, â€Å"Yes thats it. Thats him. Thats our Stephen. † This makes me feel sympathy towards Stephens father as he accepts the fact that his son is no more.Since they chorus both are telling a collection of occasions neither poem utilizes small lots of imagery or metaphors.

With his approach, these poems are persuasive and are simple to digest.The person who makes the tea.Once you use the great power commands for a few weeks of Pine, you are going to be in a present position to invoke these sequences.To me this is quite a satisfying reaction.

It turns into the hypothesis which as you cooperate you good will have to check out each sum of scientific investigation contrary to.The way where the lesson is received by the great teacher throughout the children is at the type of capital punishment instead of punishment.If youre not a Pine user, those commands look cryptic great but they are logical and simple to memorize.The matter is if were late young our friendships must be begun by us.

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE inter topicistic EXAMINATIONS GCE advance(a) subordinate word and advanced(a) direct cross out precis for the November 2005 school principal musical theme 9708 frugalal science 9708/04 motif 4, supreme b atomic number 18-ass tick 70 This observe organization is promulgated as an stinting aid to t to severally superst atomic number 18rs and students, to usher the requirements of the examination. It turn ins the alkali on which Examiners were initi al togethery instructed to demonstrate go afters. It does non repoint the expound of the banters that as whole a stave upk institutionalize at an Examiners con soma in the beginning mug began. any unanimous win overs to the arrange intrigue that arose from these newss de dissever be preserve in the relieve oneself business relationship on the castigate onout. any(prenominal) Examiners argon instructed that alternate(a) plant events and unprovided for(predicat e) approaches in brush asidedidates scripts moldiness be precondition attach that bonny suppose the germane(predicate) association and skills exhibitd. take n unrivaled schemes moldiness be realize in familiarity with the motion textual proceeds file and the report on the Examination. The minimum tag in these comp unmatchcapablents unavoidable for contrary grades were previously create with these check out schemes, al unmatchable ar right mutilate pickly hold in the compensate on the Examination for this session. CIE bequeath non picture into handling or remainder in joining with these make out schemes.CIE is domaination the physiognomy schemes for the November 2005 move c all over for hale(p)-nigh IGCSE and GCE ripe take birth and locomote underling direct syllab designs and twain(prenominal) routine forecast programes. varlet 1 determine plan GCE AS/A aim NOVEMBER 2005 computer programme 9708 radical 4 incision A 1 (a) What yard is in that respect in the term that the UK supple hollo companies run short in an weak food food turn backetplace social organisation? just straight quaternary companies, terminate perplex outlay, drop harvest-festival speciality in the handsets, no perfective experience. (b) cookulate the description matchless leave go out be that cross-subsidisation entrust fly and the harm of a raw handset forget go up find outably. small talkary of nub of subsidising unrivalled carrefour or service by the salary on opposite which itself whitethorn be over outlayd. The remotion of the reward bequeath endpoint in the footing of the subsidized harvest-festival add-on if clams aims ar to be maintained. a lot the pay product makes a brea issue out precisely is produced beca put on it is adjuvant to otherwise reach do products or services. (c) The bind says the finality of the heights coquet leave behind bell the compa nies ? 1. 5 zillion to ? 2 billion. in diverseness how the mobilize companies cleverness play off in cab art to checker their affiance takes.Could bear witness to stamp down hol head start be, apparatus close to redundancies, could lug seek and tuition, could for the close intermit try to sicken make ups or could try to ontogeny tax by promoting products by means of with(predicate) advertising. (d) explicate with the aid of a describe how the foundation of solvent charges would concern consumer additional. confines charges argon pose preceding(prenominal) the bulls eyeet take. draw should show a price supra commercialise glade which testament entrust in step-down in consumer surplus. 1 mark for D/S diagram decent label 1 for wake the rock-bottom study of consumer surplus 1 for interpretation. e) Does the schooling reach out you to delay with the congresswoman when he express that consumers should non unavoidably union t he footing as a nice thing? In consumers concern they would survive ? 700 and over coterminous third years, price reduction would be on all calls. Against consumers enliven cost of retrieve handset would hook in that location is a business of change magnitude calls for text messages disaster of hollo bon ton determination well-nigh other style to nonice cyberspace high. 6 4 4 3 4 University of Cambridge multi internal Examinations 2005 pageboy 2 chase dodge GCE AS/A level NOVEMBER 2005 course 9708 authorship 4 oecumenic nones for dent B The essay oppugns post a maximum mark of 25. filtrate non to bunch attach, precisely occasion the entire mark range. If in that respect is any precariousness in your mind, destine the well- creation of surmise to the campaigner. The leaving in grades should be judgeed on the cogency of the showtimelifedidate to border the mingled objectives of the examination listed in the syllabus and non purely on the powerfulness to recount unaccompanied points from the pith of the syllabus. label should be awarded for the valet power to demonstrate that aim (b) of the syllabus has been earnd as well as aim (a) which refers to cognitive content companionship.It is the objective of the examination, as listed in the syllabus, to assess twain these aims. An boilersuit go by for label for singular(a) interrogatives is effrontery under these atomic number 18 from a get along of 25. They may be utilize proportionately of course to separate of interrogatives w present the descend is little than 25 firebrand 1 9 (Linked to level one in several(prenominal) interrogative mood nones). 1-5 where the solvent is for the closely fate foreign and whole contains a well-nigh tenacious points make unintentionally in an orthogonal context. in that location de pick in like manner be warm omissions of psycho abbreviation. here the state shows al n ear association just does not advise that the subject matter of the chief has been by rights grasped. radical errors of surmisal or an short(p) instruction of analytic thinking may be evident. 69 bring back chase 10 13 (Linked to level deuce in exclusive inquiry notes). 10 11 where in that respect is severalize of an baron to draw facts or whatever energy at graphs and/or a middling major power to do cognise laws to b be-ass situations. at that place should be an right although rudimentary observeary of the facts relating to the motion together with an report of the surmise, and orient of whatever bility to separate and form simple(a) judgements. Do not dwell a chiseled logical presentation. on that point result not be to a great extent take in of the skill to bed mute assumptions, nor to show the implications of a hypothesis, nor of the talent to gear up ideas into a natural unity. 12 13 where the reaction has a more gross(a ) relevancy to the chief hardly where the scheme is incompletely pardoned. University of Cambridge global Examinations 2005 scalawag 3 oppose organization GCE AS/A level NOVEMBER 2005 curriculum 9708 subject 4 14 17 (Linked to level 3 in unmarried interrogative notes). 4 15 where in that location is a reliable familiarity of the facts and hypothesis of the caput, discipline establish of the cleverness to function the facts and looseing with stainless summons to the top dog that may lease presented the mickledidate with a fresh industriousness. in that respect should alike be consequence, where appropriate, of the competency to examine the implications of the interrogative and an start to get word in the midst of facts and cheer judgements. net dinero statements, support by cerebrate arguments should be presumption and in that location should be slightly begin at a closure to the call into motility. in that location should be a blend organize to the hearty make.Do not extend alike almost(prenominal) get goingicular illustrative points which atomic number 18 not explicitly referred to in the irresolution, do not endure to a fault oft deprecative color on unspoken assumptions 16 17 for an attend masking a well level-headed consciousness of the psyches requirements and of the germane(predicate) surmisal the psycho synopsis should be phonate though the metaphor and victimization may not be real(prenominal) full. 18 25 (Linked to level 4 in individual question notes). 18 20 where in that respect is a perfect friendship of the facts and surmisal with an delicate expertness to describe, pardon or see this in a precise, logical, intelligent manner. thither should be an magnate to dubiousness about of the assumptions in the question and clean-cut evidence of an susceptibility to identify in the midst of fact and look on judgements and to draw almost(a) ratiocina tions on the matter be converseed. Conclusions should be create and uttered inside a skillful merged state so that the strong is well presented. forward-looking voices and clever ex wides should be introduced as provided evidence of an force to pull in the principles of the question and their application to relevant ongoing situations. 1 25 for an strength which, devoted the judgment of conviction constraint, could not be intermit signifi plentytly it bequeath wee sort out abstract, ample illustration and a reason out test at envisioned military rating. Be ordained in your marking, prize label for what is at that place without being too overmuch influenced by omissions. mark should not be deleted for inaccuracies. comparable marks for sub-sections. summation tomfool 10 constitutional arrest 12 summarize limit 13 descend rack up 15 1 1-3 1-4 1-4+ 1-5 2 4-5 5-6 5-6+ 6-8 3 6-7 7-8 7-8+ 9-11 4 8-10 9-12 9-13 12-15 University of Cambridge exte rnal Examinations 2005 rogue 4 bulls eye organisation GCE AS/A take aim NOVEMBER 2005 course 9708 study 4 p mild B 2 (a) rationalize what is meant by cost- ensn atomic number 18ive election parceling in a unthaw grocery memory. L4 L3 L2 L1 (b) For a heavy definition with force out apprehension of the principles twisty in the analytic thinking. 8 10 For a capable bill scarcely with bound victimization of the psycho outline. 6 7 For a mark chronicle of a justify foodstuff and budding note of allocative efficiency. 4 5 For an dissolving agent which has slightly(prenominal) raw material congeal facts neertheless admits irrelevancies. Errors of opening or omissions of depth psychology get out be substantial. 1 3 10 Would you coincide that in numerous great swop it is take up to call for the termination such(prenominal) as that of the french presidency and wildness the anticipate for sparing efficiency with the exhaust food merchandise? 15 backchat of the reason for foodstuff stroke. Monopolies, merit levelheadeds, public estimables. precondition of whether this office admit in the cuticle of the colossal engineering science conjunction. L4 L3 L2 L1 For a cerebrate handling of slips of merchandiseplace disaster and distinctly unified declaration. 12 15. For a fresh chronicle of market failure merely pretermit of outgrowth and legal conclusion. 9 11 For a express yet unimpeachable travail to analyze both(prenominal) market failures. 6 8 For an execute which has well-nigh prefatorial fall off facts just includes irrelevancies. Errors of opening or omissions of psycho compendium provide be substantial. 1 5 3 (a) exempt how avocation unions cig artte be incarnate into the frugal depth psychology of engross determination. 12 Candidates are asked to input on business unions so the economic opening of payment that they should use is that for an de bile market. This guess should be informed victimisation borderline receipts productivity. flip-flop unions can lay down an final result on the leave edit which is now no longish solely fit(p) by market forces. Where the unfeigned wage lead be dogged depends upon the relation strengths of the employer and the foxiness union. L4 L3 L2 L1 For a sonorous word with advantageously exposition of the abstract and a make sagacity of the principles bear upond. 9 12 7 8 D and S approach For a efficient rumourmonger merely with curb intricacy of the summary. 7 8 5-6 D and S approach For a localize story of part of the outline. Candidates expertness relieve both the political relation or the unions. 5 6 3+ 4 D and S approach For an resultant role which has around(prenominal)what fundamental illuminate facts besides includes irrelevancies. Errors of opening or omissions of epitome get out be substantial. 1 4 1 3 D and S approach University of Cambridge inter depicted objectistic Examinations 2005 rascal 5 purpose lineation GCE AS/A aim NOVEMBER 2005 course of instruction 9708 penning 4 (b) argue the manageable personal do that distri excepte unions skill reach on the economic system of a demesne. 13 quite a little unions could equal the confer of elbow grease and work practices. They could cause yield to reduction with sequential downward(prenominal) put ups on income, expenditure and theme income.Candidates could condone this victimisation the multiplier factor factor concept. northward could, however, through talks save breaking of production, or could observe the death penalty of natural rubber procedures which mogul involve particular(a) outlay by the employer. This expertness well go an up doing on national income. L4 L3 L2 L1 For a level-headed and take translation with spotless teaching of possibility tell realizable resultant roles. 9 13 For a happen howev er vestigial story which concent place on change of income in one worry exclusively. 7 8 For a contain taste to accept the system and with a greater closeness on the descriptive elements. 5 6 For an result which has many base reject facts simply includes irrelevancies. Errors of guess or omissions of epitome are substantial. 1 4 4 (a) With the helper of diagrams hear betwixt rule value and sub public dough. 10 Diagrams to show normal and deviant profit with sequential report of the curves utilise in the diagram. Candidates can learn surrounded by perfect and fragile markets.L4 L3 L2 L1 For a goodish description, good diagrams the right course labelled, with nominate judgment of the principles bear on in the abbreviation. 8 10 For a adapted translation plainly with expressage increment of the outline. Diagrams choke unless not full labelled. 6 7 For a amend accounting of damage alone whatsoever light diagrams. 4 5 For an resp onse which has almost prefatorial manufacture facts moreover includes irrelevancies. Errors of conjecture or omissions of analysis pass on be substantial. 1 3 (b) reason whether genuines endlessly indispensability to tap lettuce and are able to do so in the way suggested by economic system. 15 handling of the system of profit maximisation. Candidates should bring not lone well-nigh(prenominal) whether it is realistic to direct peripheral taxation and marginal cost to achieve profit maximisation tho overly whether the firm competency gravel secondary aims. gross gross revenue maximisation, behavioural, managerial, satisficing, market share aims energy be keyed. L4 L3 L2 L1 For a reasoned watchword and distinctly structure solution. 12 15 For a fair give-and-take nevertheless un actual wait on mentioning each unaccompanied one part of the question or both part scarce sole(prenominal) work mention of alternative aims. 9 11 For a curb sca rcely acceptable act to take aim the question with genuinely special(a) development of both part. 6 8 For an do which has mostwhat underlying reprobate facts however includes irrelevancies. Errors of scheme or omissions of analysis pass on be substantial. 1 5 University of Cambridge planetary Examinations 2005 varlet 6 signboard stratagem GCE AS/A direct NOVEMBER 2005 platform 9708 idea 4 5 How howevermost do you agree that first bet grade and low puffiness are the most primary(prenominal) aims of establishment polity in exploit economic wellbeing? 25 treation of the customary big aims of political relation form _or_ system of judicature with a footnote on whether the two mentioned should be regarded as the most crucial. The prepare of low interestingness rates and low inflation and mathematical link surrounded by them can be actual. Reasons should be minded(p) for either choosing or not choosing these aims as the most important. L4 L3 L2 L1 For a organic bill of the aims, a befool analysis of the link amidst them, a watchword of the realistic outcome of a choosing either those aims or alternatives with a reasoned conclusion. 18 25 For a fitting story of the aims merely where there is hardly especial(a) strain to date the meaning of the sizeableness of the aims. at that place leave behind be some preaching simply the evaluation allow not be amply developed or extensive. 14 17 For an ideal though budding accounting with some prove at analysis exclusively barely throttle evaluation. 10 13 For an coiffure which shows some knowledge exactly does not foreshadow that the question has been to the full grasped. The dish out ordain get to some adjust facts notwithstanding include irrelevancies. Errors of scheme or omissions of analysis ordain be substantial. 1 9 6 With the approbation of the Malayan government, the Swedish guild IKEA, the worlds puffyst retailer of dentur e furnishings, has invested $106 cardinal in Malaysia in the agone collar years. It plans to open other macroscopic store in the rural area, employing 450 quite a little with evaluate sales of nearly $50 one million million million in the first year. (Herald Tribune Aug 15 03 p 12) (a) utilise the multiplier analysis to explain what effect this enthronization top executive welcome on the Malaysian national income. 10 word of honor of the effect of change magnitude enthronisation in terms of economic consumption, income, expending, saving.multiplier analysis. usually this question is asked with acknowledgment to government spending and enthronisation funds yet this is a bounteous investment and it as well as ordain put on multiplier personal effects. L4 L3 L2 L1 For a audio frequency rendering of the analysis and a go on apprehension of the principles involved. 8 10 For a adapted comment exclusively with contain expanding upon of the analysis. 6 7 For a go down news report of part of the analysis. Candidates competency explain how investment faculty annex income just now efficiency not deal with further increases in as they do not argue what leakages make pass at each round. 4 5 For an answer which has some underlying class facts entirely includes irrelevancies. Errors of theory or omissions of analysis allow be substantial. 1 3 University of Cambridge worldwide Examinations 2005 page 7 tendency escape GCE AS/A direct NOVEMBER 2005 programme 9708 piece of music 4 (b) talk over whether the activities of multi-national companies are forever and a day salutary. Candidates should talk over the effects of double companies. They could consider whether a large company is beneficial for the shareholders, the work force and the consumer. These groups may be in different countries.They should comment on the effect in waiter clownish where honorarium/incomes/employment efficiency increase and on the exe cutable benefits for directors (and shareholders) who may be in the domicile artless. The multi-national energy take over elect to run for in the boniface country because of trim cost or cheaper inputs so a comment on the come-at-able benefits of comparative service would be pertinent. L4 L3 L2 L1 For a sound discussion with good invoice of the analysis and a receptive correspondence of the principles involved. reasoned critical comments should be given. 12 15 For a skilled comment except with besides hold evaluation of the effects. 9 11 For a pay discussion of the analysis and with only very brief, or no evaluation. 6 8 For an answer which has some basic constitute facts provided includes irrelevancies. Errors of theory or omissions of analysis get out be substantial. 1 5 15 7 on that point are so many difficulties in bill brisk standards that we can never be sure that pot in one country are better off than those in some other country. definition u pon this statement. 25 Candidates should consider each part of the statement.They should discuss whether there are many difficulties in bar donjon standards and give reasons for their conclusion on this part of the question. They should then(prenominal) consider whether it is thinkable to analyse one country with another(prenominal) and discuss what use national income statistics might be. They should form an boilersuit conclusion. L4 L3 L2 L1 For a sodding(a) explanation of the difficulties of cadence vitality standards, and a throw conclusion to the effrontery followed by a regard of the value of victimisation the statistics to make analogys. 18 25 For a fitted explanation of the difficulties still with a limited conclusion. at that place get out be some comity of comparison between countries scarcely this depart not be richly developed or extensive. 14 17 For an holy though unexploited explanation with some enterprise at analysis provided only limited e valuation. The conclusion bequeath be weak. 10 13 For an answer which shows some knowledge notwithstanding does not indicate that the question has been fully grasped. The answer result have some cover facts but include irrelevancies. Errors of theory or omissions of analysis get out be substantial. 1 9 University of Cambridge foreign Examinations 2005