Allen Ginsberg

His parents, Naomi and Louis Ginsberg, named him Irwin Allen at his birth in Newark, New Jersey, in 1926. Twenty-nine years later, in San Francisco in 1955—when he began to write Howl— he liked to think that he was in a cosmos of his own creation. In fact, he was still very much connected to his parents. Wasn't Naomi a madwoman, and wasn't Howl about madness? Didn't Louis write apocalyptic poetry, and wasn't Howl an apocalyptic poem, too? His parents haunted him in the months just before he wrote Howl—they appeared in his dreams, and he wrote about them in his journals and unpublished poems from that period.Moreover, they provided the germinating seeds for Howl— madness, nakedness, and secrecy. Few poets have quarreled with their parents as intensely as Ginsberg quarreled with his, and few young men have turned those quarrels into poems as remarkable as Howl and Kaddish. His quarrels were with himself as much as they were with Naomi and Louis, and in the q uarrels with himself he expanded the possibilities not only for himself, but for American poetry, as he pushed against the limits of literary caution and conservatism that characterized the times. If ever there was a poet in rebellion against his own parents it was Allen Ginsberg.And yet if ever there was a dutiful poet it was also Allen Ginsberg. The son carried on the family heritage even as he railed against it. For decades, Louis Ginsberg had been far more famous than Allen. The elder Ginsberg taught poetry at Rutgers and played a leading role in the prestigious, though stodgy, Poetry Society of America. He had two books of poems to his name, dozens of poems in anthologies, and publications in most of the leading literary magazines. Then, in 1956 and 1957, with the advent of Howl, attention suddenly shifted from father to son. Allen was the bright new star in the literary firmament.Never again would Louis outshine his son, though for a brief time in the late 1960s and early 1970 s, father and son shared the stage and gave poetry readings together from California to New Jersey. Other fathers might have bridled at a son who was more famous than they were, and other sons might have used their fame to berate their fathers and settle old scores. Allen's fame brought him closer to his father; now that he was famous he could pay homage to Louis and his work. In â€Å"To My Father in Poetry,† which he wrote in 1959, he acknowledged, at long last, his father's influence on his own work—something he had long ignored and long denied.He heard his father's voice in his own voice. Louis was delighted that his famous son respected him. The father-son love feast notwithstanding, they disagreed as strongly as ever about politics, poetry, sex, and the self. In â€Å"To Allen Ginsberg†Ã¢â‚¬â€one of his best poems—Louis compared his son to Theseus, the legendary Greek hero who slew the Minotaur, and expressed the hope that Allen would find his way through the labyrinth of his own self until he found his own genuine identity. Allen was well aware of his various selves, but unlike Louis, he felt that no single self was truer than another.They were all parts of himself and equally valid. What was essential, he argued, was to be detached, to remain in flux and never become fixed to any one identity. (Morgan, Bill 4-10) Surely, fame would have taken a far greater toll had he not understood that â€Å"Allen Ginsberg† was a fiction. His ability to remain detached from any one fixed identity had helped to make Howl an extraordinary poem. In Howl, he was the paragon of the protean poet. In the moment of creation, he was everyone and he was everywhere, from Alcatraz to Madison Avenue.He was himself, and he was also almost everyone else in the poem. He could become one with the angel headed hipsters and with the Adonis of Denver. He was Moloch and he was Carl Solomon, too. His ability to remain detached from â€Å"Allen Ginsberg † enabled him, in large part, to go on writing extraordinary poems in the wake of Howl—overtly political poems as well as deeply personal poems—including â€Å"Death to Van Gogh's Ear! † â€Å"At Apollinaire's Grave, † and, of course, Kaddish, which he started in 1956 and continued to work on in Paris and in New York in 1957 and 1958.Living in Europe deepened his vision of both Europe and America and helped him understand the experience of a generation of European immigrants like his mother who were born in the Old World and came to the New World. Now he could imagine what it must have been like for Naomi Levy to leave Russia, travel across the Atlantic, and arrive in New York, the strangest of cities. He could transcend his own resentment and anger and see his mother as a beautiful woman in her own right. And he could put himself on the sidelines and put his mother at the center of his poem.In Allen's view, the White House and the Pentagon tolerate d mad dictatorial developments everywhere on the face of the earth. Of course, he disapproved of Soviet-style mind control and brainwashing, and he rejected official Communist Party ideas about literature and the arts, and about the obligation of the artist to serve the needs of the people. He would never write for the Communist Party or for the people, he proclaimed. No matter what country he lived in, he would always write for himself or he would write for no one.The Soviet Communist Party had driven Mayakovsky into madness and suicide. It surely would drive him mad, too. Meanwhile, America was driving him mad. The function of television, he insisted, was to control people, and he denounced it at every opportunity. By 1961 he would write about the deadliness of TV in Television Was a Baby Crawling toward That Death chamber, a long angry poem in which he proclaimed that he could never tell his own secrets on TV and that television kept vital information a secret from Americans.In t he late 1950s he argued that the USSR wasn't as evil as the talking heads on American television made it out to be. He was convinced that the USSR was a great nation, that Russian writers were as original and creative as writers anywhere, and that communism had tried & succeeded in improving material living conditions. He didn't want a communist society in the United States, but he wasn't opposed to communism in the Third World. He thought a great deal about America during his sojourn in Europe.He became increasingly anti-American, and yet there was something uniquely American about his anti-Americanism. In many ways he was the archetypal innocent abroad, the idealistic young man making the grand tour, the wide-eyed tourist who fell in love with almost everything about the Old World, and came to detest almost everything about the New World. Europe was a â€Å"great experience. Like hundreds if not thousands of Americans before him, he found Paris â€Å"beautiful† and he was tempted to â€Å"expatriate & settle down.† And, like so many other Americans, he loved the Latin Quarter and the little cafes where the existentialists smoked, drank, and talked, and where you might catch a glimpse of Jean Paul Sartre, if you were lucky. Europeans were genuine intellectuals, he decided. They cared about ideas, he insisted, whereas making money was the American thing, and there were no moral standards. Even New York, the most European of American cities, paled by comparison with Paris, Rome, and Florence. From the vantage point of Europe, New York looked hard, closed, commercial, and ingrown.Europeans were less materialistic than Americans, he thought, and less racist, too. â€Å"Europeans have more better personal relations with Negroes than Americans have, † he concluded. In Holland, â€Å"big black nigger looking spades† dated â€Å"nice white girls, † he noted, and no one paid any attention. Yes, he was still using racist language, st ill trying to shock his father, and he would go on using racist language for some time to come. Even as late as 1966, in the midst of the civil rights movement, he would use racial epithets in Wichita Vortex Sutra. No one challenged him, or scolded him.(Rothschild, Matthew 34-35) By the mid-1960s he was largely beyond reproach. In 1967, for example, when he read in London, the British poet Ted Hughes described him as the prophet of a spiritual revolution, and one of the most important men of the twentieth century. From Hughes's point of view, Howl was the single work that began a global revolution in poetical form and content. It had, indeed, broken all sorts of verbal barriers, and Ginsberg went on breaking them when he described himself as â€Å"queer† or wrote about his own body and his bodily functions, or used words like niggers† and â€Å"spades.† In the late 1950s, the Europeans he met seemed less repressed than Americans about sex and race and about langu age, too. They were far more verbally liberated. About the only thing he didn't like in Europe was the Roman Catholic Church. At first he imagined that European Catholics belonged to a mystical secret society that provided a wonderful sense of community. Gradually, however, he changed his mind and came to feel that the Roman Catholic Church operated like the secret police in a totalitarian society, and that Rome was in the business of mind control and censorship.All those medieval cathedrals depressed him, while the Renaissance inspired him, especially the art of Michelangelo, which depicted â€Å"naked idealized realistic human bodies. † Europeans seemed more artistic and far more poetic than Americans—Americans hated poetry and poets, he insisted— and he pursued poets and the legacy of poetry, too. In Italy, he visited mad Shelley's grave, plucking a few tender leaves of clover and mailing them to Louis, who was delighted to receive them. There were visits to living poets, too, especially W.H. Auden, whom he had adored when he was an undergraduate at Columbia, and whom he had been trying to meet for years. He loved to be in the company of famous people, especially famous writers and musicians, and for years he would seek out celebrities, from Ezra Pound to Bob Dylan and the Beatles, though celebrities also sought him out. Now, with the fame that Howl had furnished, and with all the notoriety that the media provided, he could knock on doors and find himself ushered into tea or served a glass or two of wine.What he wanted was adulation and acceptance. (Pollin, Burton R. 535) When he died, Columbia College Today, the alumni magazine, published a cover story about him by the poet and critic David Lehman. Eventually Trilling changed his mind about Ginsberg's work and included two of his poems, â€Å"A Supermarket in California† and â€Å"To Aunt Rose,† in his comprehensive anthology The Experience of Literature, which was publis hed in 1967 and used widely as a textbook. Ever since Ginsberg wrote Howl in the mid-1950s, he had wanted to be included in the canon, and now he was.Of course, he was delighted that it was none other than Trilling who made a place for him. The inclusion and validation was exhilarating to Ginsberg. (Harris, Oliver 171) Bibliography †¢ Harris, Oliver. Article Title: Cold War Correspondents: Ginsberg, Kerouac, Cassady, and the Political Economy of Beat Letters. Journal Title: Twentieth Century Literature. Volume: 46. Issue: 2. Publication Year: 2000. Page Number: 171. †¢ Morgan, Bill. The Works of Allen Ginsberg, 1941-1994. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1995. †¢ Morgan, Bill.The Response to Allen Ginsberg, 1926-1994: A Bibliography of Secondary Sources. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1996. †¢ Pollin, Burton R. Article Title: Edgar Allan Poe as a Major Influence up on Allen Ginsberg. Journal Title: The Mississippi Quarterly. Volume: 52. Issue: 4. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 535. †¢ Rothschild, Matthew. Article Title: Allen Ginsberg: ‘I'm banned from the Main Marketplace of Ideas in My Own Country. Magazine Title: The Progressive. Volume: 58. Issue: 8. Publication Date: August 1994. Page Number: 34+.

Act II of The Crucible

As your surname, your name, the teacher's name, the court arrested his wife, the confrontation between the Procter and the authority is also increasing, the second act English III days. He disliked the court and it is impossible for them to come to their house and bring his wife to prison. In order to help readers understand the situation of Salem at the beginning of the second act, Kinsera explained Salem is in a hysterical situation (1267). Kinsella was right, the town came to not wake up at Betty at first, Abigail Williams helped nearly everyone make a wizard at Salem, and getting up there led to a successful Proctors eventually succeeding. In the second act of Chou act, I found that Abigail Williams condemned the magic of Elizabeth Proctor. Did Abigail finally avenge John and denied that he does not love her? He was angry when the Proctor heard the news, and Elizabeth wanted Abigail to replace her after she was hanged, and John knew it was true. Abigail Williams said that Elizabe th had already sent her spirit and stabbed her belly with a needle. John Proctor believes that Abigail tried to revenge his wife to throw her away, and John Proctor swore he would do her best to prove that she is innocent. John Procter said: I will fall like the sea in that field! Do not be afraid of Elizabeth. From now on we can deduce that Proctor will do his utmost to save his wife I will. Please acknowledge his innocence. John confirms that the court knows this and wishes to use it to say that Abigail is doing this for his own purpose. In Abigail of Krugersburg's Krugers Act 1 there is a complicated story about the explanation and the event of Salem Witch trial in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The first acts of Kruger's law reveal a case that led to magical accusations and increased superstition in the Puritan community. Krugers reveals the attractive and malign character of Abigail Williams. This is a clever, unguessed scammster who has extraordinary self-defense characteristic s at the first glance of impossible possibilities. The Crucible by The Crucible Arthur Miller is based on Salem Witch Trials in 1693. In the first act, the audience knew that John Proctor was plagued by Abigail Williams who was dancing in the forest, and she still had feelings for him. When John denied their love, Abigail began to condemn people with magic. The second act is when we met the Elizabeth Proctor as we were arrested by magic. In the third act, John went to court to try to release his wife and others, but he was accused of being mixed with the devil with little luck.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example In this case, he found himself writing about President Barack Obama's job speech. He is a man who has heard it all before and has grown weary of Washington politics but he knew better than to ram his personal opinion down his readers throats. He chose to let his readers judge the president's speech for themselves. This was the message he delivered in his editorial and I must say that he presented good arguments that could persuade any reader to agree with him about the inefficacy of the Obama job speech. He analyzed all the important aspects of the speech. What he thought was effective, discussion points that he believed were of importance but were skimmed over in the speech, and other topics the president covered which may not be of any real benefit to the people of America. His point of view is conveyed with such strong sentiment and sympathy for the working class people is geared towards opening the eyes of his readers. Fredericks asks his middle class readers to not be the blind followers that the President Obama believes the American people to be. Instead, he is asking the working class to learn how to say no to the president. He asks the readers to look back on what we should all consider to be the failed policies of this administration that did not do anything to stimulate the economy but rather, added to the already heavy tax burden of the people. His editorial has an ethical appeal about it. Instead of appealing to their pathos directly, he presents the readers with sentence, that are sure to appeal to and engage his readers emotions upon reading it. Take for example the following statement from his editorial: The style and delivery of the president's address was true to form: fiery, powerful, passionate and exquisitely conveyed. It's the substance of his message that's the problem. Mr. Obama offered more of the same policies that got us into this mess in the first place: deficit spending and government-sponsored job creation initiatives. He called his plan the American Jobs Act. (Fredericks, Editorial: Obama's Job Speech -- There He Goes Again, DaliyPress.com) For this particular editorial, he employs the Intrinsic Ethos. Although Mr. Frederick is not a seasoned politician, neither is he on the political staff of any politician, he has the ability to intrinsically convey his thoughts and sentiments regarding President Obama's job speech because this is a matter that directly affects him through his job as a reporter. The speech also affects his family directly because of the lessened buying power of the U.S. dollar that comprises his salary. He is a man who works hard for his living and is worried about whether he will still have a job tomorrow. He worries about the thought that he could lose his job and he would have nowhere to turn. He is the kind of man who, because of the nature of his job, knows that less government interference in the affairs of the economy would actually lead to a resurgence of jobs and a stimulated econo my. It is very easy to understand why his logic can easily persuade the reading public to believe in the weakness of President Obama's job speech. His claims sound highly valid and reasonable and the proof that is needed in order to believe the inefficacy of the president's job plan can be seen in everyday life by the common man. His writing style does not merely ride on the strength of the emotions he created within his audience (pathos) or the status or credentials of Mr. Fredericks himself

Learning Journal on Motivating Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Journal on Motivating Others - Essay Example This might be done through proper training to ensure that the individual has the required skills. The concept of motivation simply entails enhancing the desire and commitment to responsibilities as far as work is concerned in order to boost performance. In order to increase an individual’s performance through motivation, there is need to ensure that the individual gains proper understanding of performance expectations for the specific work. After making the person understand the performance expectations of the work, it is also important to ensure that the person feels that the expectations can be achieved. This can be done by first eliminating the existing personal and organizational obstacles to performance and making the person feel like he or she has the capability to achieve the expectations. There is also need to use appropriate rewards and discipline in order to encourage exceptional performance and extinguish unacceptable behavior. On identifying the specific inappropriate behavior, it is important to explain the reason why the behavior is considered as inappropriate and clearly indicate that the behavior should be stopped. Elaborate the impact of this kind of behavior on the performance of the individual and others i n terms of how it may hinder the achievement of the set performance expectations. By doing all the above, it will be a sure way of making the individual understand that high performance is more rewarding than average or low performance. In order to gain much from effective administration of the reward and discipline aspect, it is necessary to make the subordinate feel that the rewards gained from being a high performer are worth the effort. This means that the rewards are supposed to be substantial enough to increase the person’s urge to meet expectations so as to gain the rewards. This is also supposed to be done equitably so that the subordinates will not feel that there is any form of favoritism in one’s administration of

Synthesis of -carbolines as novel CDK4 inhibitors Lab Report

Synthesis of -carbolines as novel CDK4 inhibitors - Lab Report Example Considering the importance of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), a set of protein kinases, it is essential to explore its mechanism that makes it relevant for the lab process. The kinases aid in regulating the cell cycles, transcription Mrna processing and differentiation of nerve cells. In the function of these kinases, cyclin is crucial considering that it acts as the regulatory protein which binds the CDKs. Consequently, this means that in the absence of cyclin, less kinase activity takes place because of the absence of cyclin-CDK complexes1. CDK4, acting as a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, functions as an intrinsic catalyutic protein kinase complex for cell cycle G1 phase progression. D type cyclins and CDK inhibitor are important for the functioning of the kinase since they suppress the action of tumour in causing cell proliferation. The kinase works in phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product thereby helping in preventing the occurring mutation of the genes responsible for the tumuourigenesis of various types of cancer 2. Further, small compouds such as pentacyclic quaternary salt, act as promising factors in the direction for treatment of cancer. The action of the kinase in causing DNA-interchelation can be reduced by ÃŽ ²-carboline which usually acts as a non-planner maintaining the activity of CDK4. Fascaplysin acts as a pentacyclic quaternary salt used as an anti-cancer agent considering its action in suppressing certain leukemia cells in mice. Further, the salt also end up hindering CDK4 leading to arrest of cell cycle in both normal and tumours ncells in the G phase. The hindering process occurs because it binds to theATP pocket of the kinase, resulting to G arrest via a bidentate hydrogen bond donor/acceptor pair. The chain involving phosphorylation of pRb enables the cell to pass through the G1 checkpoint leading to completion of division cycle because of the associated release of E2F proteins.

PhD Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

PhD - Literature review Example ..51 REFERENCES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..53 CHAPTER 2 2.1 WHAT IS FUEL ECONOMY? The fuel economy(FE) of any vehiclecan be calculated as a ratio of distance travelled per unit volume of fuel consumed or as the ratio of fuel consumption per distance travelled(GFEI,n.d.). An et al (2011,p4)note that fuel economy standards can be of various forms such as liters of fuel consumed per hundred kilometers of distance travelled or kilometers travelled per liter of vehicle fuel. The global average vehicle fuel consumption hoversaround 8L/100 km corresponding to 29.4 mpg and a global drive under the aegis of GFEI, whose partner organizations are the UNEP, IEA, ITF , ITCC and the FIA Foundation has been launched to bring it down to 4L/100km corresponding to 58.8 mpg by 2050(GFEI,n.d.).The regulations pertaining to fuel economy followed by the four largest autom obile markets, namely, the US, the EU, Japan and China differ significantly from each other(An et al,2011,p4). The factors affecting Fuel Economy of a vehicle The seven parameters enumerated by Hilliard&Springer(1984,p9) as influencing the fuel consumption of any vehicle are Engine Characteristics, Drive-train Characteristics, Weight, Aerodynamics, Rolling Resistance, Driving Cycle and Driver Habits. The various forces which resist the movement of the vehicle are shown as a function of vehicle speed at Fig.2.1(Hilliard&Springer,1984,p8). Fig 2.1 forces resisting the movement of the vehicle as a function of vehicle speed (Hilliard and Springer,1984,p8) In this figure, the rolling resistance appearing at the tyre-road interface is shown as Curve A and is almost independent of speed. The aerodynamic resistance is shown as Curve B and it is proportional to the square of velocity. The Curve C which is the sum of Curve A and Curve B is defined as the road load resistance and it represents the total force necessary for maintaining a steady speed on an even road. The product of weight of the vehicle with the sine of the slope of the road is the grade resistant force, different values of which, correspond to different values of inclination, as shown in the figure under discussion. The percent slope, called grade is the tangent of the road grade angle. A schematic representation of the tractive force which is generated at the rear wheels of an internal combustion engine powered vehicle with a three-speed standard shift transmission is also shown in the above diagram. When the transmission is changed to a higher gear, there is a decrease in speed reduction ratio and a consequent decrease in transmission output torque and hence the tractive force also comes down. The force available for driving the vehicle forward is the difference between the tractive force and the road load resistance and is called the free- tractive effort. According to Hilliard & Springer(1984,p9),the combination of the vehicle resistance forces along with the combined performance of the engine and power drive train gives the ultimate fuel economy potential of an IC engine powered vehicle while the total of the resistance forces at any operating point has to match the tractive force delivered by the drive train. The aerodynamic drag or the air drag of an automobile is decided by the shape of the vehicle and its frontal area and is proportional to the square of its speed. Pundir(2008,p18) notes that, if Fw= air resistance force, A= frontal area of the vehicle, ? = air density V = vehicle

Morality of a Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Morality of a Foreign Policy - Essay Example securing the good of the community and not benefitting the individual member of the society. Morality is derived from a Latin word "mores", that means custom, habit or a way of life. For an act to be moral, there are three fundamental characteristics - foremost, universal allegiance, secondly, impartiality in all the acts and lastly, the act in itself should be self-enforcing. The implication of these elements is that moral values bind everyone to these norms, and irrespective of any one, it is applied to all perspectives and interests. Lastly, it should be through voluntary actions of the persons and not forced upon by any other. Ethics is doing what is right and refrain from doing what is wrong. And the good is determined by the norms that are applicable to that particular situation. The political issues involve complex public affairs, and competing moral values and dilemmas and not simple moral verdicts. Ethical reasoning and judgments in foreign policy making involves use of relevant morals and illuminations in managing foreign relations with other states. The issues such as fairness of the international economic order, justice of the global institutions, and international regimes etc. should be guided by rules, and institutions in light of moral norms (Amstutz, 2005). The politics among nations is governed by political Realism, the phenomenon that says that the society is governed by objective laws have its roots from the human nature. Since the political systems comprises of people, therefore, the societal laws of human beings are to always prevail in these systems. Any statesman should apply rational alternatives in meeting problems under all circumstances. Morality has multiple facets to a foreign policy. Foremost, morality helps in defining goals and purposes of states and other players. No specific policy directives are given, but direction and general vision to highlight the nation's vital interests is given by the moral rules governing the foreign policy. It establishes the limits for any policy measure to be taken and acted upon. Moreover, any policy is also judged on the basis of these pre specified norms for judging the acts of the nations. A moral foreign policy should address three instruments - the conscience of decision makers, the influence of domestic opinion, and the influence of international reputation. The domestic opinion is formed by the freedom of expression of the people - as judged by the media, interest groups, and nongovernmental and professional associations; whereas, global opinion influences the international reputation of the country by labeling it as a reliable and moral actor or not. Kantian Ethics is the deontological approach talks about seeking happiness and that everyone will try to achieve pleasure and gratification to lead to the happiness, but, achieving happiness does not always fall in the purview of our powers, and it is a matter of luck. Thus, under this philosophy, evaluation of international politics actions taken might deem to be right or wrong, and not depending on the consequences. Thus, rationality is based on how a certain action is performed and not what does it result. Therefore, under this theory acts of terrorism can be favored by saying that these are the law enforcement acts, irrespective of the